Managing short-sightedness in children: glasses and contact lenses for myopia

What is myopia?

Myopia, or as it’s more commonly known, short-sightedness, is a very common eye condition that affects around 1 in 3 people in the UK. [1]

Myopia is a condition where viewing distant objects may be blurred, while closer viewing remains clear. This is because when light rays enter the eye, rather than focusing on the retina, they focus in front of it - resulting in a blurry image. Myopia can affect day-to-day activities such as watching the TV, taking part in sports and looking at a classroom whiteboard.

Typically, myopia starts to develop in children between the ages of 6 to 13 and will be picked up by an optometrist as part of the child's routine eye examination. The degree of myopia can worsen until the child's eye stops growing, which is normally in their early 20s.

How do I know if my child is short-sighted?

Children are very good at not telling us how they feel, which often means that symptoms of myopia can be missed. However, here are a few common signs to look out for in your child, which may indicate short-sightedness. These include:

A whiteboard in a classroom at school.
  • Experiencing frequent headaches
  • Rubbing of eyes
  • Squinting
  • Having difficulty reading words from a distance, such as those on a school whiteboard
  • Sitting closer to the television when watching, or holding devices such as mobiles or tablets close to their face when using them.

Family history of myopia can also increase a child’s risk of developing it.

Can myopia be cured?

Myopia cannot currently be cured; however, it can be managed through the use of prescription glasses or contact lenses. The earlier short-sightedness is diagnosed, the more support we can provide the child and help improve the clarity of their distance vision.

What is myopia management?

Historically myopia could only be managed by issuing standard prescription lenses. However, as technology has advanced, newer options have become available to try and influence the development of myopia, reducing its overall impact.

Typically, the earlier you start managing a young person's myopia, the better the results.

At Leightons, our expert teams are ready to help you and your child manage their myopia with tailored treatment solutions, because we know that every child is different.

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Glasses for myopia

Prescription glasses have long been used to help correct short-sightedness. Using a concave (minus) lens, light rays, which once focused in front of the retina (causing a blurred image), are diverged and directed to focus on the retina instead, giving a focused image. Of course, the more myopic a person is, the more the light needs to be diverged, which results in a higher prescription and slightly thicker lenses (although these days lenses can be thinned too).

Kids wearing glasses playing on a skateboard.

Lens technology has vastly evolved over the years, and at Leightons, we are proud stockists of MiYOSMART lenses: the ground-breaking, non-invasive optical lenses from HOYA that manage and curb the progression of myopia in children by an average of 60% [2]. Created with the most active children in mind, MiYOSMART lenses are made using lightweight, impact-resistant materials and can be fitted into a majority of our kids’ frames.

If you would like to find out more about MiYOSMART lenses, and see whether they are suitable for your child, book an eye examination today at your nearest Leightons practice.

Contact lenses for myopia

Contact lenses are another great product which can be used for myopia management. While there are plenty of soft contact lenses available that will correct the vision, our most recommended contact lenses for myopia management are MiSight® 1-day lenses by CooperVision. These lenses have been designed to slow the progression of myopia, and studies suggest that they can do so by up to 59% [3].

A woman with a contact lens on her finger.

Another specialist lens used for myopia management is Ortho-K (Orthokeratology) contact lenses. These are rigid contact lenses that should be worn overnight to gently reshape the front of the eye. After a night of wearing these, once removed in the morning, they allow for a day of contact lens/glasses-free vision.

Please note: Orthokeratology is only available in selected Leightons practices, please check with your nearest practice.

Which type of myopia management is best for my child?

The type of myopia management chosen for your child will entirely depend on their needs and lifestyle. Some myopia management options will be more suitable than others, so let's have a look at some of the other lifestyle considerations:

Glasses for myopia management: These are ideal for youngsters who are not quite ready to venture into the world of contact lenses or perhaps are style savvy and want to wear some bold frames.

Myopia management contact lenses: These are a great option for kids who like to be active and enjoy lots of sporting and leisure activities. They are also the ideal solution for children who may prefer not to wear glasses.

Of course, it won’t be left just to you to decide which option is best; our expert team will be able to support you and find the best solution for your child.

Book an appointment

So if you suspect your child may be short-sighted, the best thing you can do is book an eye exam. The sooner that myopia is found, the more support we can offer to reduce its progression.

For that extra peace of mind, why not book your child in for the Ultimate Eye Examination? Not only is this the most comfortable eye exam for our little ones, but the Ultimate Eye Examination utilises the very latest testing equipment to allow us to see more than ever before in an enhanced imaging package.

To book an appointment, please call our Dedicated Patient Support team on 0800 40 20 20, pop into your nearest branch, or book an appointment online.

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[1] https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/news/rates-of-short-sightedness-increasing-in-the-uk.
[2] Lam, C. S., Tang, W. C., Lee, P. H., Zhang, H. Y., Qi, H., Hasegawa, K., & To, C. H. (2022). Myopia control effect of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lens in Chinese children: results of a 3-year follow-up study. The British journal of ophthalmology, 106(8), 1110–1114. https://bjo.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317664.
[3] Chamberlain, P., Peixoto-de-Matos, S. C., Logan, N. S., Ngo, C., Jones, D., & Young, G. (2019). A 3-year Randomized Clinical Trial of MiSight Lenses for Myopia Control. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 96(8), 556–567. https://journals.lww.com/00006324-201908000-00003.

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Hyperopia
Hyperopia is a very common eye condition that can affect both children and adults. It is also known as 'far-sightedness,' in which distant objects can be clearly seen, but objects nearby may appear blurred. This condition can also cause frequent headaches, eye strain, dull eye pain, and difficulty reading. Recognising the symptoms of hyperopia and getting it diagnosed quickly with regular eye tests is important for managing the condition. Here, we'll explain the possible causes and complications of hyperopia, as well as treatment options and how it may be prevented. What causes hyperopia? Hyperopia is a refractive error. This means that light rays aren't refracted properly and disrupt the light's focus on the retina, which affects your vision. It's often caused by the shape of your eye, a short eyeball or a flatter cornea. However, hyperopia can also be passed down from your parents and is usually present from birth, but since children have a very flexible eye lens that helps them to see clearly, it can go undetected until they are older. Recognise the symptoms of hyperopia The most common hyperopia symptoms to look out for include: Blurred vision, especially when looking at items that are close to you. Fatigue. Eye strain. Frequent headaches. Dull pain in your eyes. Difficulty reading and needing to squint your eyes to see the words on the page. Double vision. Tired eyes after looking at something closely, such as a computer screen or book. Complications of hyperopia The biggest complications adults will face with hyperopia are the uncomfortable symptoms mentioned above, such as headaches, pain, double vision, blurry images, difficulty reading and eye strain, making it very difficult to complete daily tasks. Younger children who may have undiagnosed or untreated hyperopia will be more likely to develop other eye problems, including amblyopia (lazy eye) or strabismus (eyes that look in different directions). Early and regular eye exams can help identify hyperopia before leading to other complications. Diagnosis of hyperopia Your optometrist can diagnose hyperopia through a comprehensive but painless eye exam. Drops may be administered, if required, during the test to dilate your pupils' size, allowing more light to come through. Then, your optician will be able to see parts of your eye that are farther back to look for refractive errors. During this exam, they'll also be able to look for other conditions like glaucoma and cataracts, which can also be picked up by a routine eye examination. So, if you experience any symptoms or even just feel like your eyes are tired, it's useful to schedule a checkup with an OCT scan included to test for hyperopia and other eye conditions. Treatment options for hyperopia Hyperopia can be corrected with the following treatment options: Wearing eyeglasses: The lenses in glasses can change the way light focuses on your retina to correct hyperopia. The degree of your hyperopia will determine the type of lenses you'll need. For higher prescriptions, thinner lens designs can be used to maximise the cosmetic appearance. Contact lenses: Similar to eyeglasses, contact lenses will correct the way light enters your eye with the lenses suited to your specific needs. It's purely down to personal preference whether you choose contact lenses or eyeglasses. Surgery: There are several surgery options to help correct hyperopia. LASIK is possible for lower levels of hyperopia, however, the correction is often less successful than myopia correction due to the steepened corneal shape collapsing and flattening over time, cancelling out the corrective effect. For people with higher degrees, a refractive lens exchange can help. Preventing hyperopia Unfortunately, there's no way to prevent hyperopia as, in most cases, it's caused by genetics. Certain lifestyle habits can help to keep your eyes healthy and prevent further complications, including: Getting regular eye exams will allow your optician to check for eye problems before you even exhibit symptoms. For young children, getting early eye exams can help to identify and prevent hyperopia developing into other, more serious eye conditions. Resting your eyes regularly, particularly if you look at a screen a lot for work, can help ease discomfort and reduce the risk of eye strain. Wearing sunglasses even on a cloudy day will help to safeguard your eyes from rays that can make their way through the clouds. Eating a nutritious diet and ensuring you get enough vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and lutein from lots of fruit and leafy greens are all important for maintaining healthy vision. Find a Leightons branch near you to book your eye test. How Leightons can help Leightons can provide professional eye tests and expert advice for those with hyperopia and other eye conditions, such as glaucoma, to help monitor and manage your eye health, ensuring your prescription is up to date and optimise your visual acuity. Whether you have concerns about your eyesight or you're simply due a checkup, Leightons is here to help.
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